In the United States, Thanksgiving is celebrated on the 4th Thursday of November. But it was not always so, and the history of the chosen date for this holiday is rather convoluted. Here is the strange story.
In 1789, President George Washington became the first president to proclaim a Thanksgiving holiday when, at the request of Congress, he proclaimed November 26th, a Thursday, as a day of national thanksgiving for the U.S. Constitution.
When Abraham Lincoln was president in 1863, he proclaimed the last Thursday of November to be our national Thanksgiving Day.
In 1865, Thanksgiving was celebrated on the first Thursday of November, because of a proclamation by President Andrew Johnson, and in 1869, President Ulysses S Grant chose the third Thursday for Thanksgiving Day.
In all other years, until 1939, Thanksgiving was celebrated again as Lincoln had designated, the last Thursday in November.
Then in 1939, responding to pressure from the National Retail Dry Goods Association to extend the Christmas shopping season, President Franklin D. Roosevelt moved the holiday back a week, to the next-to-last Thursday of the month.
At the time, the president’s 1939 proclamation only directly applied to the District of Columbia and federal employees. While governors usually followed the president’s lead with state proclamations for the same day, on this year, 23 of the 48 states observed Thanksgiving Day on November 23rd while another 23 states celebrated on November 30th, and Texas and Colorado declared both Thursdays to be holidays. As a result, football coaches scrambled to reschedule games set for November 30, families didn’t know when to have their holiday meals, and calendars were inaccurate in half of the country.
After two years of confusion and complaint, President Roosevelt signed legislation establishing Thanksgiving Day as the fourth Thursday in November. Roosevelt, recognizing the problems caused by his 1939 decree, had announced a plan to return to the traditional Thanksgiving date in 1942, but Congress introduced legislation to ensure that future presidential proclamations could not affect the scheduling of the holiday.